Mahmud of Ghazni

Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin, commonly known as Mahmud of Ghazni or Mahmud Ghaznavi, was the Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 998 to 1030. Mahmud was known by his honorific title Yamin al-Dawla. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from present-day northwestern Iran proper to the Punjab in the Indian subcontinent and Khwarazm in Transoxiana.